IUgNsd8BY
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IUgNsd8BY

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27 янв 2022
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  • О себе

    What is a Transformer?

    A transformer is defined as a passive electrical device that
    transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through the
    process of electromagnetic induction. It is most commonly used to
    increase (‘step up’) or decrease (‘step down’) voltage levels
    between circuits.

    Working Principle of Transformer
    The working principle of a
    Power
    Transformer
    is very simple. Mutual induction between two or
    more windings (also known as coils) allows for electrical energy to
    be transferred between circuits. This principle is explained in
    further detail below.

    Transformer Theory
    Say you have one winding (also known as a coil) which is supplied by
    an alternating electrical source. The alternating current through the
    winding produces a continually changing and alternating flux that
    surrounds the winding.

    If another winding is brought close to this winding, some portion of
    this alternating flux will link with the second winding. As this flux
    is continually changing in its amplitude and direction, there must be
    a changing flux linkage in the second winding or coil.

    According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there will
    be an EMF induced in the second winding. If the circuit of this
    secondary winding is closed, then a current will flow through it.
    This is the basic working principle of a

    Distribution Transformer
    .

    Let us use electrical symbols to help visualize this. The winding
    which receives electrical power from the source is known as the
    ‘primary winding’. In the diagram below this is the ‘First Coil’.

    The winding which gives the desired output voltage due to mutual
    induction is commonly known as the ‘secondary winding’. This is the
    ‘Second Coil’ in the diagram above.

    A transformer that increases voltage between the primary to secondary
    windings is defined as a step-up transformer. Conversely, a
    transformer that decreases voltage between the primary to secondary
    windings is defined as a step-down transformer.

    Whether the transformer increases or decreases the voltage level
    depends on the relative number of turns between the primary and
    secondary side of the Dry Type Transformer.

    If there are more turns on the primary coil than the secondary coil
    than the voltage will decrease (step down).

    If there are less turns on the primary coil than the secondary coil
    than the voltage will increase (step up).

    While the diagram of the transformer above is theoretically possible
    in an ideal transformer – it is not very practical. This is because
    in the open air only a very tiny portion of the flux produced from
    the first coil will link with the second coil. So the current that
    flows through the closed circuit connected to the secondary winding
    will be extremely small (and difficult to measure).

    LV switchgear layout: Design & Size
    Low voltage (LV) switchgear is a broad terminology that includes a
    wide range of equipment like circuit breakers, switches, offload
    isolators, MCCBs, etc. within the 1 kV rating required to protect the
    LV system. The most common use of
    HV And LV
    Switchgear
    is in the LV distribution board which further
    comprises multiple segments like the main incomer, sub-incomers,
    feeders, etc. the size, configuration, and physical layout for
    switchgear vary as per specific requirements and standards.

    The switchgear is of different type based on the voltage level at
    which it operates. HV switchgear operates at a voltage level of above
    33 kV. MV switchgear operates at the voltage level of 33 kV and
    below. Likewise, LV switchgear operates at the voltage level of 1.1
    kV maximum.

    Irrespective of particular voltage levels, switchgear are known for
    their complete reliability, quick operation, and absolute isolation
    compared to other similar devices.

    Compact Secondary Substations (CSS)
    Compact
    Substation
    s are used for energy transformation in secondary
    distribution network from MV to LV or LV to MV. CSS is a type tested
    and arc tested assembly comprising an enclosure containing medium
    voltage (MV) switchgear, distribution transformers, low voltage (LV)
    switchboards, connections and auxiliary equipment to supply low
    voltage energy from medium voltage systems. These substations are
    typically installed in locations accessible to the public and ensure
    protection for all people according to specified service conditions.